{"id":20,"date":"2023-01-01T08:00:48","date_gmt":"2023-01-01T16:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/?page_id=20"},"modified":"2025-10-22T12:42:44","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T19:42:44","slug":"headings","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/core-concepts\/headings\/","title":{"rendered":"Headings"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--single\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<h2 id=\"importance-of-headings\">Importance of Headings<\/h2>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--sidebar-right\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<p>Headings provide an outlined structure to your content. They help guide people through your content by identifying the topic and sub-topics of the information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Headings start at heading level 1 and progress down to heading level 6. Heading level 2 is a subtopic of heading level 1. Each child heading is a subtopic of its previous parent heading. These heading levels display the hierarchy of content. This hierarchy allows people to understand the outline and structure of the content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Headings need to be appropriately formatted as heading styles for headings to be accessible within <a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/get-started\/glossary\/digital-content-and-technology\/\">digital content and technology<\/a>. Programs and <a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/get-started\/glossary\/assistive-technology\/\">assistive technologies<\/a> can display the formatted headings to outline the content structure. Additionally, assistive technology allows people to navigate to, and scan through, the content by the headings.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n<div class=\"wsu-container\" >\r\n    \n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"363\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2986\/2022\/05\/headings-heading-levels.png\" alt=\"Example showing the different style of heading levels from heading level 1 to 6.\" class=\"wp-image-85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2986\/2022\/05\/headings-heading-levels.png 363w, https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2986\/2022\/05\/headings-heading-levels-198x182.png 198w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2986\/2022\/05\/headings-heading-outline.png\" alt=\"A sample outline using the heading levels with 1 heading level 1, two heading level 2, 4 heading level 3, and 1 heading level 4.\" class=\"wp-image-86\" width=\"545\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2986\/2022\/05\/headings-heading-outline.png 726w, https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2986\/2022\/05\/headings-heading-outline-396x217.png 396w, https:\/\/s3.wp.wsu.edu\/uploads\/sites\/2986\/2022\/05\/headings-heading-outline-198x109.png 198w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 545px) 100vw, 545px\" \/><figcaption>Two heading level 2s are a subtopic of heading level 1, four heading level 3s are subtopics of their previous heading level 2, and one heading level 4 is a subtopic of its previous heading level 3. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<section  class=\"wsu-section  wsu-width--full wsu-position--relative\"  >\r\n    <div class=\"wsu-section__inner wsu-width--content\">    \n<div class=\"wsu-container  wsu-position--relative\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-decorator  wsu-decorator--style-lines-gray  wsu-decorator--white\" style=\"bottom:-15px;left:-15px;height:60%;width:60%\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-container wsu-spacing-bottom--xxmedium wsu-spacing-padding-left--xxmedium wsu-spacing-padding-right--xxmedium wsu-border--add-top wsu-border--color-autumn wsu-spacing-top--medium wsu-color-background--white wsu-spacing-after--xxmedium wsu-position--relative wsu-zindex--level-1 wsu-notch--small\" >\r\n    \n\n<h2 id=\"common-errors\">Common Errors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-spacing-after--xsmall\">These common errors hinder the accessibility and usability of digital content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wsu-list--style-arrow\"><li>Missing heading level 1.<\/li><li>Text that looks like a heading, such as bold text, but isn\u2019t properly formatted as a heading.<\/li><li>Headings are used for their appearance rather than their purpose in the structure of the content.<\/li><li>No heading structure within the digital content.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div><\/section>\n\n<section  class=\"wsu-section  wsu-width--full wsu-color-background--white\"  >\r\n    <div class=\"wsu-section__inner wsu-width--content\">    \n<div class=\"wsu-container  wsu-position--relative\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-decorator  wsu-decorator--style-lines-gray\" style=\"top:-20px;right:-20px;height:40%;width:40%\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-callout  wsu-color-background--gray-5 wsu-callout--color-vineyard wsu-notch--small wsu-position--relative\" >\r\n        \n\n<h2 id=\"best-practices\">Best Practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wsu-spacing-after--xsmall\">Follow these best practices to improve the accessibility and usability of headings in your digital content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wsu-list--style-arrow\"><li>Use an <a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/get-started\/glossary\/application-formatting-tools\/\">application\u2019s formatting tools<\/a> or apply HTML tags to properly format headings.<\/li><li>Use only one heading level 1. Each webpage or <a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/get-started\/glossary\/electronic-document\/\">electronic document<\/a> should have one heading level 1 that represents the main topic of the digital document. &nbsp;<\/li><li>Use a hierarchical sequence of headings. Headings provide an outline of your content. It allows people to navigate to the information they seek by scanning the web page or digital document or using <a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/get-started\/glossary\/assistive-technology\/\">assistive technology<\/a> to extract the headings or navigate by headings.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Do not skip down in heading levels.<br>For example, you wouldn\u2019t skip down from a heading level 2 to a heading level 4.<\/li><li>Provide short descriptive headings. Descriptive headings provide people with the information needed to scan and navigate to the information they seek.<\/li><li>Avoid manually styling text with bold or italics to indicate a heading. <\/li><li>Remove empty headings. People using assistive technology will be alerted to empty headings, which could be confusing.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div><\/section>\n\n<section  class=\"wsu-section  wsu-width--full wsu-color-background--gray-5\"  >\r\n    <div class=\"wsu-section__inner wsu-width--content\">    \n<div class=\"wsu-container  wsu-position--relative\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-decorator  wsu-decorator--style-block-gray\" style=\"bottom:-15px;left:-15px;height:60%;width:60%\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-callout wsu-callout--color-crimson wsu-spacing-padding-left--xxmedium wsu-spacing-padding-right--xxmedium wsu-color-background--white wsu-notch--small wsu-position--relative\" >\r\n        \n\n<h2 id=\"accessibility-checks\">Accessibility Checks&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Use this checklist as a guide to ensure your headings are in an accessible format.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wsu-list--checkmark\"><li>Headings are created with <a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/get-started\/glossary\/application-formatting-tools\/\">application formatting tools<\/a> or by applying HTML tags.<\/li><li>One heading level 1 per digital document.<\/li><li>No empty headings.<\/li><li>Heading structure exists (except for simple pages).<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/get-started\/glossary\/hierarchical-sequence\/\">Hierarchical heading sequence<\/a>.<\/li><li>No skipped down heading levels.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wsu-cta \" >\n\t<a \t\t\t\t\thref=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/documents\/2023\/10\/core-concept-check-sheet.pdf\/\"\t\n\t\tclass=\"wsu-button \">\n\t\t\t\n\t\tDownload Digital Accessibility Check Sheet (PDF)\u00a0\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"wsu-icon wsu-i-download\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n    <\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<section  class=\"wsu-section\"  >\r\n        \n\n<h2>Resources from WSU Digital Accessibility<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-card-wrapper wsu-card-wrapper--per-row-3\" >\r\n    \n<article class=\"wsu-card  wsu-color-background--white wsu-border-top--color-crimson\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wsu-card__content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wsu-title \">\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/core-concepts\/headings\/headings-and-accessibility\/\">\t\t\t\tHeadings and Accessibility\t\t\t<\/a>\t\t<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wsu-caption\">\r\n\t\t\tA review of 7 types of heading accessibility errors and alerts with best practice information, tools for checking, and additional resources about headings.\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/article>\n<\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-row wsu-row--single\" >\r\n    \n<div class=\"wsu-column\"  style=\"\">\r\n\t\n\n<h2 class=\"wsu-spacing-after--xxmedium\" id=\"additional-resources\">Additional Resources<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wsu-card-wrapper wsu-card-wrapper--per-row-2\" >\r\n    \n<article class=\"wsu-card  wsu-color-background--gray-5 wsu-border-top--color-crimson\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wsu-card__content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wsu-title  wsu-font-size--large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWebpages\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wsu-card__content-custom\">\r\n\t\t\t\n\n<ul id=\"block-b1cbdb77-18a3-4236-8189-48ecaf6eb8bf\" class=\"wsu-list--style-arrow\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/webaim.org\/techniques\/semanticstructure\/#headings\"><strong>WebAIM<\/strong>: Semantic Structure: Headings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/tutorials\/page-structure\/headings\/\"><strong>W3C WAI<\/strong>: Headings<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/article>\n\n<article class=\"wsu-card  wsu-color-background--gray-5 wsu-border-top--color-crimson\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wsu-card__content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wsu-title  wsu-font-size--large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDigital Documents\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wsu-card__content-custom\">\r\n\t\t\t\n\n<ul class=\"wsu-list--style-arrow\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.section508.gov\/create\/documents\"><strong>Section508.gov<\/strong>: Creating Accessible Documents<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.section508.gov\/create\/documents\/authoring-guides\/\"><strong>Section508.gov<\/strong>: Documents Authoring Guides<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.section508.gov\/training\/documents\/aed-cop-docx02\/\"><strong>Section508.gov<\/strong>: Module 2: Use Styles to Create Headings<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/article>\n\n<article class=\"wsu-card  wsu-color-background--gray-5 wsu-border-top--color-crimson\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wsu-card__content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wsu-title  wsu-font-size--large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPDFs\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wsu-card__content-custom\">\r\n\t\t\t\n\n<ul class=\"wsu-list--style-arrow\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.section508.gov\/create\/pdfs\/\"><strong>Section508.gov<\/strong>: Creating Accessible PDFs<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.section508.gov\/create\/pdfs\/authoring-guides\/\"><strong>Section508.gov<\/strong>: PDF Authoring Guides<\/a> <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/article>\n\n<article class=\"wsu-card  wsu-color-background--gray-5 wsu-border-top--color-crimson\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"wsu-card__content\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"wsu-title  wsu-font-size--large\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPresentation\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wsu-card__content-custom\">\r\n\t\t\t\n\n<ul class=\"wsu-list--style-arrow\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.section508.gov\/create\/presentations\"><strong>Section508.gov<\/strong>: Creating Accessible Presentations<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.section508.gov\/create\/presentations\/authoring-guides\/\"><strong>Section508.gov<\/strong>: Presentations Authoring Guides<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\t\t<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\r\n\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Headings provide an outline structure to your content and help guide people and assistive technology navigate through content by identifying the main topic and sub-topics in the webpage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2695,"featured_media":86,"parent":15,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"wsuwp_university_category":[],"wsuwp_university_location":[],"wsuwp_university_org":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2695"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3763,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20\/revisions\/3763"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/86"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_category?post=20"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_location","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_location?post=20"},{"taxonomy":"wsuwp_university_org","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsu.edu\/digital-accessibility\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wsuwp_university_org?post=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}