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Earliest evidence of settled human habitation in the Nile delta
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The beginnings of Nile culture
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Archaic Period
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Earliest evidence of hieroglyphic writingin Egypt
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The legendary king, Menes, unites the two kingdoms of Egypt
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Earliest evidence of sun-worship in Egypt
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Pyramid-building period; largest pyramids built for Cheops, Chephren, and Mycerinus
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Building of the pyramid tombs for Khufu (Cheops) and Khephren (Chephren), the largest of the Egyptian pyramids
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Old Kingdom; beginning of the Third Dynasty
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Netcherike-Djoser, pharoah who built the the "Step" pyramid
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Collapse of the Sixth Dynasty and the Old Kingdom; beginning of the First Intermediate Period
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Middle Kingdom
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Earliest evidence of diagnostic medicine in Egypt
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Collapse of the Middle Kingdom (1640 BC; beginning of the Second Intermediate Period
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New Kingdom; temple-building period in Egypt; the Temple of Karnak built and added to all through the New Kingdom period
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Earliest examples of the Book of the Dead
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Building of the Temple of Luxor by Amenhotep III
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Reign of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton), who abandoned Egyptian polytheism for a monotheistic religion
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Reign of Tutankhamon
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Reign of Ramses III; supposed period of Hebrew migration out of Egypt to Palestine
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Collapse of New Kingdom (1070 BC; Third Intermediate Period
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Conquest of Egypt by Kush under Kashta and then Piankhy
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Late period
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Formation of a new Kushite kingdom at Meroë
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Invasion of Egypt by Alexander the Great
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Hellenistic-Roman Period
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Ptolemaic Egypt
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Reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who commissioned the Greek translation of the Hebrew Torah, the Septuagint
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Aristobolus, the first Jewish Greek philosopher, presents an explanation of Mosaic scripture to Ptolemy VI Philometor
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Reign of Cleopatra VII, last of the Ptolemaic monarchs of Egypt
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Battle of Actium; Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony defeated by Augustus Caesar
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Conquest of Egypt by Augustus Caesar; Roman period
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Jewish riots against Rome in Egypt
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Roman Empire divided into two empires; Egypt controlled by Byzantium
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Byzantine period; Egyptian hieroglyphic writing falls out of use and soon becomes unintelligible
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Conquest of Egypt by the Muslim Arabs; Egypt becomes Islamic
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Jean François Champollion deciphers the system of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing from the Rosetta Stone
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